Towards efficient ciprofloxacin adsorption using magnetic hybrid nanoparticles prepared with κ-, ι-, and λ-carrageenan

The efficient removal of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) from aqueous samples using magnetic nanosorbents prepared three sulfated polysaccharides, κ-, ι- and λ-carrageenan an alkoxysilane agent containing a reactive epoxide ring is described. were characterized in detail FTIR spectroscopy, solid-state 29Si 13C NMR spectroscopy elemental microanalysis. synthesis method was more effective for incorporating higher amounts κ-carrageenan siliceous shells. Although being less sulfated, cheaper than other carrageenan tested. CIP adsorption cooperative process, well described by Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm, with maximum capacities 878, 969 865 mg/g sorbents, respectively. Overall, produced are among best systems high adsorptive efficiency CIP. It suggested that protonated molecules exchanged ester sulfate counterions at particles’ surface as main pathway adsorption. process exothermic entropically favorable sorbents. However, 298 K, spontaneous κ-carrageenan-based sorbents non-spontaneous particles. could be reused maintained their ability towards up to four cycles. wastewater enhanced sorbent dose. Magnetic polysaccharides (κ-, ι-, λ-carrageenan). resulting particles removed efficiently ultra-pure water samples. features enabled fast separation water.